{"id":1128,"date":"2025-10-21T18:37:54","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T16:37:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/?p=1128"},"modified":"2025-10-21T18:53:17","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T16:53:17","slug":"the-inca-trail-qhapac-nan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/en\/the-inca-trail-qhapac-nan\/","title":{"rendered":"The Inca Trail \u2013 Qhapac \u00d1an"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>The network of Inca roads (Qhapac \u00d1an in Quechua) is considered one of the best Inca engineering works that remains to this day. This complex system of roads exceeded 30 thousand kilometers of stretches that covered areas of up to 6 South American countries: Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador and Colombia. Many stretches were the basis for the construction of modern highways. Others are considered protected heritage by the states. One of the most famous stretches is the 39-kilometer route leading to Machu Picchu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1130 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/camino-inca-imperio.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/camino-inca-imperio.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/camino-inca-imperio-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"title_article\">What is the Qhapac \u00d1an?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"text-justify\">\n<li class=\"li-space\"><strong>Qhapac \u00d1an is a Quechua word that means \u2018main road\u2019.<\/strong>\u00a0It was a system of roads established by the Inca empire, which covered more than 30 thousand kilometers through different geographies located in the current countries of Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador and Bolivia.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\">It is worth mentioning that this immense network of roads is famous for crossing the Andes Mountains, from the mountains of Argentina to the mountains of Colombia passing through the city of Cusco, the capital of the Inca empire. This route was built mainly using stone.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\">Also admirable is the longitudinal route that ran along hundreds of kilometers of South American coastline bordering the Pacific Ocean. These roads were wider but did not have the consistency of stone but the softness of sand.<\/li>\n<li>The Inca roads of the highlands and the coast were joined by transversal stretches that, at the same time, forked into other stretches that penetrated jungle regions. In order to traverse these long stretches, the Incas built bridges, tunnels, causeways, walls, stairways, as well as deposits (colcas) and shelters (tambos).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"text-justify woo-sc-box note msj-descrip\">The qhapac \u00f1an road network was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2014, after several years of work by the nations of Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador and Colombia. A total of 780 kilometers and 291 archaeological sites were registered. Thanks to this declaration, Inca engineering is recognized worldwide. Likewise, it protects and preserves for the future the Inca sections and enclosures belonging to this network of roads.<\/p>\n<div class=\"espacio\"><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"title_article\"><span id=\"what-was-function\"><\/span>What was its function?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"text-justify\">The main function of the qhapac \u00f1an was to communicate the city of Cusco, the center of Inca power, with the rest of the provinces of the empire. Likewise, because the roads were built during the expansionist period, they fulfilled a function of political, administrative, cultural and social domination of the recently conquered peoples.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"title_article\">Map of the Inca Trail<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1131\" src=\"https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/camino-inca-mapa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"623\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"title_article\">History of the Inca roads<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"text-justify\">\n<li class=\"li-space\">During the pre-Inca period, the different cultures and human groups that inhabited the southwestern territory of South America built some stretches of roads that were improved and expanded during the Inca empire.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\">The famous emperor Pachacutec (1400 \u2013 1471) was the one who initiated the Inca expansionist process as well as the construction of the main stretches of qhapac \u00f1an in the new conquered territory.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\">The successor Inca emperors continued with the expansion of the Qhapac \u00d1an as well as the construction of bridges, warehouses and shelters along the roads.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\">In the 16th century, the Spaniards arrived in Cusco, destroying the Inca empire and destroying its main temples, palaces and buildings. However, they kept many sections of the qhapac \u00f1an, which favored them for trade.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Currently, the Inca road network is considered \u2018Cultural Heritage of Humanity\u2019 by UNESCO.<\/strong>\u00a0Many sections are protected by the nations where they are located. One of the most famous routes is the one that reaches Machu Picchu through the Intipunku, the original gateway to the Inca city.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"espacio\"><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"title_article\"><span id=\"main-roads\"><\/span>The main roads<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"text-justify\">\n<li class=\"li-space\"><strong>Inca roads of the north coast<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 This route departed from the city of Cusco heading northwest towards the coast, crossing the present-day towns of Palpa, Nazca, Lima, Huarmey, Lambayeque, Piura, Tumbes, Quito and Pasto in Colombia.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\"><strong>Inca roads of the northern highlands<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 This route departed from the city of Cusco, crossing the Andes Mountains in a northerly direction, passing through the current towns of: Vilcashuaman, Jauja, Tarma, Huanuco, Huaritambo, Huancabamba, Siguas, Conchuco, Andamarca, Huamachuco, Cajamarca, Chachapoyas, Tumibamba, Loja, Quito and Pasto in Colombia.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\"><strong>Inca roads of the southern coast<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 This route departed from the city of Cusco in an easterly direction to connect to the royal road of the coast (crossing the current towns of Nazca, Palpa, Inca), and then followed the southern road through the towns of Tambo Colorado, Catarpe, Arica, Copiap\u00f3, the pampas of Tucum\u00e1n to the Maule River in Chile.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inca roads of the southern highlands<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 This route departed from the city of Cusco crossing the Andes Mountains in a southerly direction including the Collao plateau. It went through the current towns of Juliaca, Chucuito, Chuquiago, La Paz, the pampas of Tucum\u00e1n until descending to the city of Santiago in Chile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"title_article\">The Inca bridges<\/h2>\n<p class=\"text-justify\">The qhapac \u00f1an crossed difficult geographies where only the use of a bridge could allow passage. Because of this, the Incas built different types of bridges, which can be divided as follows:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"text-justify\">\n<li class=\"li-space\"><strong>Log bridges<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Rustic and simple constructions that used the trunks of a tree to unify two nearby points. One of the most famous examples is the \u2018Inca Bridge\u2019 located at Machu Picchu.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\"><strong>Hanging bridges<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Constructions made of thatch joined together to form long rope bridges, which reached up to 60 meters in length. They had to be renewed from time to time. One of the most famous that survives to this day is the Inca bridge of Queswachaka.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\"><strong>Stone bridges<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Constructions made of rustic stone placed one on top of the other to form a solid path to cross short distances over precipices. Due to the passage of time, most of these types of structures were destroyed.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\"><strong>Oroyas<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Simple construction made of solid vegetable fibers that served as pillars, which carried people or food in a basket or board. They were mainly used to cross rainforest rivers. They are still used today in some communities.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Floating bridges<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Structures made of totora reeds (plant located on the islands of Lake Titicaca), which together served to transport people by water. They were used to navigate from one island to another in this Peruvian lake. Nowadays they are also used for the construction of simple boats.\/li&gt;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"espacio\"><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"title_article\"><span id=\"drainage-system\"><\/span>The canal and drainage system<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"text-justify\">\n<li class=\"li-space\"><strong>The qhapac \u00f1an made of stone that crossed the Andes Mountains had a system of drainage and canals that kept it solid in time and in spite of the frequent rains.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>For the construction of a section of the qhapac \u00f1an, first a layout and foundations were laid. Then, the paving was done (preferably of stones). Finally, the drainage system was built together with the canalization. The roads were also maintained from time to time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1134\" src=\"https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/camino-inca-montana.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/camino-inca-montana.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/camino-inca-montana-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"title_article\">The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"text-justify\">\n<li class=\"li-space\">The most famous stretch of the qhapac \u00f1an in the world is the \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/en\/short-inca-trail-2-days\/\">Inca Trail to Machu Picchu<\/a>\u2018. This route was used by the Incas to access the Inca city from Cusco. Currently, it is a route protected by the Peruvian State, which allows controlled tourist visits.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\">The Classic Inca Trail to Machu Picchu lasts 4 days and 3 nights. It covers 39 kilometers on foot, from kilometer 39 of the train track in Ollantaytambo to the Intipunku (sun gate), the entrance to the original Inca city.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li-space\">To do this route you must book a tour with an authorized tourism agency. The tours include everything: entrance fees, food, camping, guides, transportation and more.<\/li>\n<li>Because this is one of the best trekking routes on the planet, the tour must be booked online 5 to 6 months in advance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1135\" src=\"https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/camino-inca-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/camino-inca-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/camino-inca-1-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"title_article\">Additional Information<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"text-justify\">\n<li class=\"li-space\">The apachetas were offerings that the Incas made during their journeys along the Inca roads. They consisted of placing one stone on top of another to invoke good luck for the long journey. This custom is still in force in the Andean peoples, who still worship the mountains (Inca gods).<\/li>\n<li>For the construction of the qhapac \u00f1an, the Incas adapted to the geography. On the coast the roads were wider. In the highlands they meandered through mountains and in the jungle they crossed narrow cliffs. However, they always took care of nature, finding harmony between the roads and the natural life around them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"espacio\"><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"title_article\"><span id=\"frequently-questions\"><\/span>Frequently asked questions about the Qhapac Nan<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"text-justify li-style\">\n<li>\n<h3>1) Where are the Qhapac Nan?<\/h3>\n<p>The Qhapac Nan are located along more than 30,000 kilometers in the current territories of Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Colombia and Ecuador.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>2) Where can I visit the qhapac \u00f1an?<\/h3>\n<p>The qhapac \u00f1an can be visited along the protected areas of Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Colombia and Ecuador. The most famous stretch is the one that connects with the Inca city of Machu Picchu.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>3) Who built the qhapac \u00f1an?<\/h3>\n<p>The qhapac \u00f1an were built by the Incas during the 15th century. The emperor Pachacutec was the one who began to organize the construction of these roads.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>4) What was the function of the qhapac \u00f1an?<\/h3>\n<p>The qhapac \u00f1an had the function of uniting the city of Cusco (capital of the Inca empire) with the rest of the newly conquered provinces and regions of the empire.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>5) How much does it cost to visit the qhapac \u00f1an?<\/h3>\n<p>The qhapac \u00f1an do not have a specific cost. Some sections are adequately preserved to be visited by tourists. The most famous stretch is the 39 kilometers of qhapac \u00f1an that connect with Machu Picchu.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>6) Do qhapac \u00f1an exist on the coast?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, the Incas built qhapac \u00f1an on the Pacific coast. These roads were flat and delimited on both sides. Due to the sandy terrain many stretches have disappeared over time. The qhapac \u00f1an in the mountains (Cordillera de los Andes) are the best preserved.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>7) Do qhapac \u00f1an exist in the jungle?<\/h3>\n<p>No, the Incas did not build stretches of qhapac \u00f1an in the thick South American jungle. On the other hand, they did build sections in the high mountainous jungle.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>8) Can the qhapac \u00f1an disappear?<\/h3>\n<p>Without due care, qhapac \u00f1an can give way to highways and modern buildings. However, the authorities of each country implement measures for their conservation. Currently, the qhapac \u00f1an are considered Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>9) What is the most famous section of the qhapac \u00f1an?<\/h3>\n<p>Definitely the most famous stretch of the qhapac \u00f1an is the 39 kilometer stretch that runs through the mountains and jungle region of Cusco until it ends at Machu Picchu.<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3>10) What are the qhapac \u00f1an made of?<\/h3>\n<p>The qhapac \u00f1an is made of different materials, but among all of them, stone stands out. The Andean sections are cemented by several layers of stone. This keeps them in a good state of preservation until today.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The network of Inca roads (Qhapac \u00d1an in Quechua) is considered one of the best Inca engineering works that remains to this day. This complex system of roads exceeded 30 thousand kilometers of stretches that covered areas of up to 6 South American countries: Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador and Colombia. Many stretches were the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-inca-trail-to-machu-picchu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v26.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Inca Trail \u2013 Qhapac \u00d1an - Blog Libertrek Peru Travel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.libertrekperutravel.com\/blog\/en\/the-inca-trail-qhapac-nan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Inca Trail \u2013 Qhapac \u00d1an\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The network of Inca roads (Qhapac \u00d1an in Quechua) is considered one of the best Inca engineering works that remains to this day. 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